Discovery of the ARP2 protein as a determining molecule in tumor cell death

Cancer is a multifactorial disease that constitutes a serious public health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer advanced stages are associated with the development of androgen-independent tumors and an apoptosis-resistant phenotype that progresses to metastasis. By studying androgen-independent lymphoid nodule carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cells induced to apoptosis by serum elimination, we identified the activation of a non-selective cationic channel of 23pS conductance that promotes incoming Ca2+ currents, as well as apoptosis final stages. arp2cDNA was isolated and identified to be of the same cell type, and mRNA was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, which was found to be associated with the activation of incoming Ca2+ currents and induction to apoptosis. cDNA, which encodes the ARP2 protein, was overexpressed in LNCaP cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, which induced apoptosis. Our evidence suggests that protein ARP2 overexpression and transit to the cell membrane allows an increased Ca2+ incoming current that initiates the apoptosis process in epithelial-type cells whose phenotype shows resistance to programmed cell death.

Prognostic Significance of CD109 Expression in Patients with Ovarian Epithelial Cancer

BACKGROUND: Ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) is the second-most common gynecologic malignancy. CD109 expression is elevated in human tumor cell lines and carcinomas. A previous study showed that CD109 expression is elevated in human tumor cell lines and CD109 plays a role in cancer progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether CD109 is expressed in OEC and can be useful in predicting the prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for CD109 and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Then we compared CD109 expression and chemoresistance, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival of OEC patients. Chemoresistance was evaluated by dividing into good-response group and poor-response group by the time to recurrence after chemotherapy. RESULTS: CD109 expression was associated with overall survival (p = .020), but not recurrence-free survival (p = .290). CD109 expression was not an independent risk factor for overall survival due to its reliability (hazard ratio, 1.58; p = .160; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 3.05), although we found that CD109 positivity was related to chemoresistance. The poor-response group showed higher rates of CD109 expression than the good-response group (93.8% vs 66.7%, p = .047). Also, the CD109 mRNA expression level was 2.88 times higher in the poor-response group as compared to the good-response group (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Examining the CD109 expression in patients with OEC may be helpful in predicting survival and chemotherapeutic effect.

Carcinoma pavimentoso primario del endometrio: una entidad de muy difícil diagnóstico / Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma: an entity of very difficult diagnosis

Se presenta un caso de mujer postmenopáusica, goajira, sin criterios de riesgo para adenocarcinoma del endometrio, que mediante el legrado uterino por aspiración de piometra se diagnosticó un carcinoma pavimentoso primitivo epitelial del endometrio (CPPEE), por llenar algunos criterios: no invasión al cuello, ni extensión de uno cervical al endometrio, ni la presencia de queratinización de la superficie endometrial y/o puentes intercelulares. No hubo evidencia de presencia de virus de papiloma humano (VPH). Después de la histerectomía se encontró que sí existía un tumor endometrial grado III, estadio IB. compuesto por elementos glandulares y tejido escamoso en ciertas áreas. Tampoco existían criterios para un diagnóstico de ictiosis uterina, infiltrante, sin componente velloso, Hubo confusión en el diagnóstico inicial. La rareza del CPPEE, menos de 100 casos reportados en el mundo, condujo al análisis con varios patólogos. Se concluye que para obtener el diagnóstico correcto, deben llenarse los criterios de Flumman y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, excluir infección del tracto genital por VPH, los estudios de inmunohistoquímica deben ser positivos para queratinas y carecer de receptores para estrógenos y progesterona. El legrado o la biopsia no son confiables para el diagnóstico. Además de la evaluación histológica y del estadio clínico, el estudio de toda la pieza quirúrgica es fundamental para emitir pronóstico(AU)

A goajira menopausal woman, with no risk criteria for endometrial adenocarcinoma, was diagnosed through uterine curettage by aspiration of pyometra as primary squamous carcinoma of the endometrium (CPPEE) to meet following criteria: no invasion of the cervix, no extension of the cervical to the endometrium, absence of keratinization of the endometrial surface and intercellular bridges. There was no evidence of human papillomavirus. After the hysterectomy, there was an endometrial tumor composed of glandular elements and squamous tissue in areas, without filling the elements for diagnosis of ichthyosis uteri, infiltrating, without vellous component, grade III and stage IB. There was confusion in the initial diagnosis. The rarity of the CPPEE, less than 100 cases in the world, led to the analysis with several pathologists. It is concluded that in order to obtain the correct diagnosis, it must meet the criteria of Flumman and WHO, exclude infection of the genital tract by HPV, immunohistochemical studies must be positive for keratins and lack estrogen and progesterone receptors. The curettage or the biopsy are not reliable and the study of the whole surgical part is fundamental. In order to establish a prognosis, an accurate diagnosis must be made(AU)

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of folic acid-albumin nanoparticles co-loaded with paclitaxel and nanosilver / 中草药

Objective Paclitaxel and nanosilver were co-encapsulated into folic acid-albumin nanoparticles to increase the toxicity and uptake of the drug and improve the targeting ability of tumor that highly expressed folic acid (Fa) receptor. Methods The mean Fa binding number of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was determined by ultraviolet absorption method. The nanoparticles were prepared through self-assemble method and then its shape, partical size, Zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were characterized with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, the cellular uptake of nanoparticles and the in vitro anti-tumor effect of drug-loaded nanoparticles were investigated on the KB cells model of oral epithelial carcinoma. Results Ultraviolet absorption results showed that the average Fa binding number of Fa-BSA was 11. The nanoparticles were discrete and uniform spheres with the average size of (98.20 ± 3.58) nm and Zeta potential of (-39.90 ± 1.98) mV. Cellular uptake experiments showed that folate-modified albumin nanoparticles were more easily taken up by KB cells. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay indicated that the modification of folic acid and co-loaded nanosilver could increase the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and promote KB cells apoptosis. Conclusion The prepared nanoparticles have small particle size and high encapsulation efficiency, which can enhance the ability of the nanoparticles to be uptaken and the toxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against tumor cells.

Expression of MTSS1 and E-cadherin in upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the significance of MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression in upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma.Methods Paraffin specimens of 60 patients with upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma between January 2005 and January 2014 were analyzed.At the same time,5 cm normal tissue adjacent to the cancerous tissue specimens in 30 patients were taken for comparison.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tissue MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression,and the relationships between their expression with different pathological stage,differentiated degree and lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results MTSS1 expression rate in normal tissue (100.0％,30/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (45.0％,27/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).E-cadherin expression rate in normal tissue (96.7％,29/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (41.7％,25/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MTSS1 and E-cadherin in different pathological stage,degree and with or without lymph node metastasis had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).In patients with well differentiated,low TNM stage and no lymph metastasis,MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression rate was higher (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between the expression of MTSS 1 and E-cadherin in cancerous tissue (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma detection of both MTSS1 and E-cadherin has important significance with regards to judging the malignant degree of the tumor,lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients.

Expressions of IgA,IgM,IgD and IgE in ovarian epithelial carcinoma / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the expressions of IgA,IgM,IgD,IgE in ovarian epithelial carcinoma and their correlations with pathological grades of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods The expressions of IgA,IgM,IgD,IgE in ovarian epithelial carcinoma tissue microarrays (including 177 cases of ovarian epithelial carcinoma)and 50 cases of ovarian benign tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expressions of IgA,IgM,IgD,IgE in ovarian epithelial carcinoma tissues were significant higher than those in ovarian benign tumor epithelial tissues (P

Immunohistochemical study of 14-3-3-sigma and -zeta in ovarian cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression level, localization and distribution of 14-3-3sigma and zeta proteins in human ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells. METHODS: Epithelial carcinoma, benign epithelial tumor and normal ovarian tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. For this study, mucinous adenoma (n=10), serous adenoma (n=10), mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=10) and serous adenocarcinoma (n=10) of ovary and normal ovarian tissue (n=10) were analyzed. Goat anti 14-3-3sigma polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-14-3-3zeta polyclonal antibody were used as primary antibodies. RESULTS: The 14-3-3sigma protein expression in the glandular epithelium was not statistically different among normal ovary, cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. The 14-3-3zeta protein expression in the glandular epithelium was significantly higher for cystadenocarcinoma than for cystadenoma and normal ovary. The 14-3-3sigma and zeta proteins were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the nuclei and more preferably in the cytoplasm of adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: The expression of 14-3-3zeta protein increased significantly in ovarian adenocarcinoma compared with adenoma and normal ovary. It is suggested that 14-3-3zeta protein expression may play an important role in abnormal growth of ovarian epithelial tumor cell.

Effect of liposome-c-raf-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on human ovarian carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To explore the effect of c-raf-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) treatment in the human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.Methods:The models of human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subcutaneously were established in 15 nude mice,then divided randomly into 3 groups and different treatment were given respectively (control group,senseexperimental group and antisense experimental group).The weight of nude mice and tumor volume were observed,the tumor growth inhibitory rate and the tumor response rate calculated,too.Results:The growth inhibitory rate in sense experimental group and antisense experimental group were 6.8% and 68.1%,respectively,the tumor response rate of antisense experimental group was 16.7%.There was no statistical difference in nude mice weight among the 3 groups.Conclusion:The results suggest that there is a positive value in the human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice treated by c-raf-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides,which will be an important gene therapeutic strategy for the ovarian epithelial carcinoma in the future.